ALGORITHMS
SRSC
BIG IDEA: A FINITE SET OF INSTRUCTIONS THAT ACCOMPLISH A SPECIFIC TASK
SEQUENCING
DO STEPS OF CODE IN THE ORDER SPECIFIED
first step -> second step -> third step
number = int(input("Enter a number: "))
result = number * 2
print("double of " + str(number) + " is " + str(result))
double of 12 is 24
- Create a variable based on user input
- Multiply variable by two
- Print out both variables at the end
SELECTION
Choose TWO OR MORE OUTCOMES based on a DECISION or CONDITION
number = 6
if number % 2 == 0:
print("Even")
else:
print("Odd")
Even
- Set number to 5
- If number is divisible by 2 with no remainder, print “Even”
- Otherwise, print “Odd”
ITERATION
REPEAT STEPS BASED ON A DECISION or STOP when a condition is met
first step -> second step -> if step 2: true -> first step if step 2: false -> third step -> fourth step
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
for fruit in fruits:
print(fruit)
apple
banana
cherry
- Create a list called fruits
- For each fruit in the list, print the fruit
ACTIVITY 1: Robot Pseudocode
Write the pseudocode to move the robot onto the gray square.
Available Code:
Move forward
Turn Left
Turn Right
PseudoCode here: move forward(4) turn left() move forward(2) turn right() move forward(3)
# Math Operations:
print("Addition") #addition
result = 5 + 3
print(result) # 8
print("\nSubtraction") #subtraction
result = 10 - 4
print(result) # 6
print("\nMultiplication") #multiplication
result = 6 * 7
print(result) # 42
print("\nFloat Division") #float division (float = numbers with decimal values)
result = 20 / 4
print(result) # 5.0
print("\nInteger Division (floor division)") #floor division
result = 20 // 4
print(result) # 5
print("\nModulus (remainder)") #remainder
result = 10 % 3
print(result) # 1
Addition
8
Subtraction
6
Multiplication
42
Float Division
5.0
Integer Division (floor division)
5
Modulus (remainder)
1
Fibonacci
def fibonacci(n): #fibonacci sequence
fib_series = [0, 1]
while len(fib_series) < n:
next_number = fib_series[-1] + fib_series[-2]
fib_series.append(next_number)
return fib_series
n = 10
result = fibonacci(n)
print(result) # [0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34]
# initial length of list is 2
# while length of list is less than amount of numbers we want in our final sequence
# add the last two numbers of the list
# add this value to the end of the list
# repeat until length of list reaches n
[0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34]
Mini Lesson: If, Else Statements
num =0
if num > 0:
print(str(num) + " is positive.")
elif num < 0:
print(str(num) + " is negative.")
else:
print(str(num) + " is zero.")
0 is zero.
Mini Lesson 2: For, While Loops
names = ["Alice", "Bob", "Charlie", "David", "Eve"]
for name in names:
print(name)
num = 1
while num <= 5:
print(num)
num += 1
Alice
Bob
Charlie
David
Eve
1
2
3
4
5
Mini Lesson 3: Defining Function
def calculate_square(number):
square = number * number
return square #ends function
result = calculate_square(5)
print(f"The square of 5 is {result}")
The square of 5 is 25
Mini Lesson 4: Input
variable1 = input("How old are you?")
print("You are " + variable1 + " years old")
You are 12 years old
ACTIVITY 2: CALCULATOR
- Create calculator function
- Allow user to Choose 2 numbers and an operator
- Perform specified operation based on input
- Return result of calculation
##YOUR WORK HERE
##Hint: Use if else statements, defining functions, input
def calculator(num1,num2,operatorChar):
var = 0
if operatorChar == '+':
var = num1 + num2
return var
if operatorChar == '-':
var = num1 - num2
return var
if operatorChar == '/':
var = num1 / num2
return var
if operatorChar == '*':
var = num1 * num2
return var
if operatorChar == '%':
var = num1 % num2
return var
return var
print(calculator(1,1,'+'))
2
# String Operations and Concatenation:
print("\nString Concatenation") #add together strings
str1 = "Hello"
str2 = "World"
result = str1 + " " + str2
print(result) # "Hello World"
print("\nString Length") #length of string
text = "This is a sample text."
length = len(text)
print(length) # 22
print("\nString Indexing and Slicing") #string slicing
text = "Python"
first_char = text[0]
substring = text[2:5]
print(first_char) # 'P'
print(substring) # 'tho'
print("\nString Repetition (Repeating Strings)")
text = "Repeat "
result = text * 3
print(result) # "Repeat Repeat Repeat "
# Palindrome Check Algorithm:
print("\nPalindrome Check Algorithm")
def is_palindrome(text):
text = text.replace(" ", "").lower()
return text == text[::-1] ## == will return boolean
result1 = is_palindrome("racecar")
result2 = is_palindrome("Hello, World!")
print(result1) # True
print(result2) # False
String Concatenation
Hello World
String Length
22
String Indexing and Slicing
P
tho
String Repetition (Repeating Strings)
Repeat Repeat Repeat
Palindrome Check Algorithm
True
False
ACTIVITY 3: COUNTING VOWELS
- Create a function that takes a word as an input
- Use a for loop to iterate through each character of a word
- Check how many characters in a word contain vowels
- Return vowel number
def count_vowels(word):
# Initialize a variable to store the count of vowels
vowel_count = 0
# Define a set of vowels for efficient vowel checking
vowels = set("AEIOUaeiou")
# Iterate through each character in the word
for char in word:
# Check if the character is in the set of vowels
if char in vowels:
# If it's a vowel, increment the vowel count
vowel_count += 1
# Return the total count of vowels in the word
return vowel_count
# Example usage:
word = "Hello"
result = count_vowels(word)
print(f"The word '{word}' contains {result} vowels.")
The word 'Hello' contains 2 vowels.
HOMEWORK
CREATE TEXT (string) ANALYZER:
criteria:
- Accepts input from user
- Counts total letters, numbers, spaces in a string
- Counts number of vowels
- Calculates average word length
- Correctly displays: total # of characters (including spaces + numbers), total vowels, average word length
other criteria:
- ensure that program handles upper and lowercase spelling
- Test multiple inputs to ensure accuracy
Criteria for above 90%:
- Add a unique program, function, or feature not specified by criterias
def text_analyzer(text):
# Convert the input text to lowercase for case-insensitive analysis
text = text.lower()
# Initialize counters
total_letters = 0
total_numbers = 0
total_spaces = 0
total_vowels = 0
word_count = 0
word_length_total = 0
# Define a set of vowels for vowel checking
vowels = set("aeiou")
# Create a dictionary to store word frequencies
word_frequencies = {}
# Iterate through each character in the text
for char in text:
if char.isalpha():
total_letters += 1
if char in vowels:
total_vowels += 1
elif char.isdigit():
total_numbers += 1
elif char.isspace():
total_spaces += 1
# Split the text into words and calculate average word length
words = text.split()
for word in words:
word_count += 1
word_length_total += len(word)
# Update word frequency dictionary
if word in word_frequencies:
word_frequencies[word] += 1
else:
word_frequencies[word] = 1
# Calculate average word length
average_word_length = word_length_total / word_count if word_count > 0 else 0
# Calculate total characters (including spaces and numbers)
total_characters = total_letters + total_numbers + total_spaces
# Display the results
print("Text Analysis Results:")
print(f"Total # of Characters (including spaces + numbers): {total_characters}")
print(f"Total Vowels: {total_vowels}")
print(f"Average Word Length: {average_word_length:.2f}")
# Display word frequency analysis
print("\nWord Frequency Analysis:")
sorted_word_frequencies = sorted(word_frequencies.items(), key=lambda x: x[1], reverse=True)
for word, frequency in sorted_word_frequencies[:5]: # Display the top 5 most common words
print(f"{word}: {frequency} times")
# Input from the user
user_input = input("Enter a text for analysis: ")
text_analyzer(user_input)
Text Analysis Results:
Total # of Characters (including spaces + numbers): 11
Total Vowels: 3
Average Word Length: 5.00
Word Frequency Analysis:
hello: 1 times
world: 1 times